The movement was credited with producing some of the most notable icon paintings, frescoes, mosaics, illuminated manuscripts, sculptures, enamel work, and church architectures ever seen, of which some are still visible today. The Byzantine Empire persisted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Intrusions into this artistic period were the result of the Iconoclastic Controversy and the Latin Occupation, which both went on to leave a noticeable influence on the development of Byzantine art. Byzantine architecture and art are generally divided up into three phases, namely the Early Byzantine era, the Middle Byzantine era, and the Late Byzantine era. The Byzantine art period went through many political, social, and artistic disruptions. Below, a dedicatory inscription: “Deesis of the servant of God Andreas Atzitiris and of his wife and children” Anonymous icon painter, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons St Nicholas and Andrew flagging the icon of Virgin Hodegetria. In-between the saints is the image of the Virgin and a ship with two masts with open sails and a red flag carrying the emblem of Venice, the lion. Countries that still maintain elements of Byzantine art today include Greece, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia. Some states that used these characteristics but remained separate from the Byzantine Empire were the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Sicily.Ĭlassifying artworks as Byzantine art proved to be a bit tricky, as the Byzantine Empire and its artistry went on to exist for over a millennium.ĭuring its reign, the Byzantine Empire moved away from Constantinople and expanded far and wide, meaning that the artworks created during this period of time stretched past the Italian peninsula and into the Middle East and Northern Africa. States that were impacted by the style of artworks developing within the Roman Empire were part of the Byzantine Commonwealth, which encapsulated many nations demonstrating the characteristics of Byzantine art. Originally an ancient Greek colony, Byzantion was Latinized by the Romans to be called Byzantium, until its name was changed to Constantinople.īyzantine art was traditionally comprised of Christian Greek artworks that came from the Eastern Roman Empire, as well as other nations that were culturally influenced by it. In 330 A.D., in what is now known as Turkey, the Roman Emperor Constantine formed the city of Byzantion as the new capital city of the Roman Empire. The term “Byzantine art” originated from the Byzantine Empire, which was said to have initially developed from the Roman Empire. 7.3 Emperor Justinian Mosaic (created between 546 – 556 A.D.).7.2 The Hagia Sophia (built in 537 A.D.).
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